Direct methylation sequencing for multimodal insights
Traditional methyl-seq workflows reduce sequence complexity from four bases (ATCG) to three (ATG) and damage DNA, restricting insights to only methylation information and limiting compatibility with low-input and degraded samples.
TAPS+ directly converts methylated cytosines (5mCs) to thymines, preserving full base complexity (ATCG). This enables sensitive detection of 5mC, SNVs, indels, and CNVs from a single library, supporting multimodal analysis across discovery, translational, and population studies.Its gently chemistry delivers robust performance with cfDNA and FFPE to enable multi-cancer early detection and monitoring research applications.
Designed for reliable RNA-seq from challenging sample types
Comparison of methyl-seq methods
- Simultaneously detect methylation and genetic variants (SNVs/indels, CNVs)
- Non-destructive workflow is robust with with degraded FFPE and low-input samples (down to 1 ng), including cfDNA
- Streamlined, automation-friendly workflow generates libraries in 6 hours
- >98% conversion of 5mC, delivering high true positive and low false positive rates
- Reduce computational analysis time by 30% or more.
See how TAPS+ outperforms traditional methods in multimodal genomic and epigenomic analysis.
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Comparison of methyl-seq methods
| TAPS+ | EM-Seq | Bisulfite | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Methylation detection accuracy | +++ | +++ | +++ |
| Low false positives | +++ | ++ | ++ |
| Base diversity | +++ | + | + |
| Genomic variant detection | +++ | + | + |
| Non-damaging to DNA with high molecular recovery | +++ | ++ | + |
| Workflow simplicity and automatability | +++ | + | ++ |
| Reduced computational time and costs | +++ | + | + |
Positive methylation readout preserves sequence complexity
Sequence a five-base genome. Only ~1 – 2% of bases in the human genome are cytosines in CpG context, which is where most methylation occurs. TAPS+ converts just those methylated CpG cytosines, leaving the remaining ~20% of cytosines unchanged. The result is a library that preserves native four-base complexity, more closely matches the human genome, and also delivers 5mC detection (the fifth base).
Multimodal insights with FFPE and low-input samples, including cfDNA
Sensitive SNV detection ... MORE
Low false positive rates ... MORE
Multimodal insights with FFPE and low-input samples, including cfDNA
Sensitive SNV detection. F1 scores for SNV detection. Libraries were prepared in duplicate using either the Watchmaker DNA Library Prep Kit with TAPS+, NEBNext Enzymatic Methyl-seq v2 Kit, or EZ DNA Methylation-Gold Kit with xGen Methyl-Seq Library Prep Kit, as well as an unconverted control (Watchmaker DNA Library Prep Kit). Libraries were subsampled to equivalent reads. TAPS+ Variant Caller was used for untreated control and TAPS+ libraries, and BS-SNPer was used for EM-Seq v2 and BS-Seq libraries.
Multimodal insights with FFPE and low-input samples, including cfDNA
Low false positive rates. CHH methylation rates in NA12878 were used as false positive rates. Libraries were prepared in duplicate using either the Watchmaker DNA Library Prep Kit with TAPS+, NEBNext Enzymatic Methyl-seq v2 Kit, or EZ DNA Methylation-Gold Kit with xGen Methyl-Seq Library Prep Kit.
Increase confidence in methylation and genomic ... MORE
Non-damaging workflow preserves cfDNA fragments ... MORE
Multimodal insights with FFPE and low-input samples, including cfDNA
Increase confidence in methylation and genomic variant calls with FFPE. Cumulative coverage of CpGs in CpG islands. For an equivalent number of sequencing reads, TAPS+ increases CpG coverage. Libraries were prepared in duplicate from 10 ng of FFPE using either the Watchmaker DNA Library Prep Kit with TAPS+ or NEBNext Enzymatic Methyl-seq v2 Kit.
Multimodal insights with FFPE and low-input samples, including cfDNA
Non-damaging workflow preserves cfDNA fragments. Read distribution by insert length. Bisulfite sequencing damages DNA and reduces coverage. TAPS+ libraries preserve DNA integrity, aligning closely with an unconverted control whole genome sequencing library. Libraries were prepared in duplicate using either the Watchmaker DNA Library Prep Kit with TAPS or EZ DNA Methylation-Gold Kit with xGen Methyl-Seq Library Prep Kit, as well as an unconverted control (Watchmaker DNA Library Prep Kit). Libraries were subsampled to equivalent reads.
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